Impact of Environment and Some Agronomy Practices on the Productivity of the New Wheat Variety Bolyarka in South Dobrudzha Region

Wheat is one of the most widely distributed crops worldwide and is of primary importance as food for human nutrition. Increasing the productivity of the new wheat varieties according to the specific climate of the region is a permanent major task. The impact of environment and some agronomy practices (previous crop and mineral fertilization) on the productivity and the structural elements of yield of the new variety Bolyarka and of the national local check Sadovo 1 were analyzed during a 3-year period (2004 – 2006) under field conditions. The main components of productivity were investigated: grain yield, 1000 grain weight, number of productive tillers, number of grains per spike and weight of grains per spike, as well as some characters indirectly related to yield: plant height, test weight and spike length. The varieties were grown after four previous crops: bean, sunflower, grain maize and silage maize. Three levels of nutrition regime were involved. The applied mineral fertilization was differentiated according to the type of previous crop as follows: N6P6K0 and N10P10K0 after bean, and N10P10K0 and N14P14K0 after the other predecessors. The trial included also a check: N0P0K0. Mineral fertilization had strongest effect on the formation of the character number of productive tillers and on grain yield. Variety Bolyarka was remarkably responsive to fertilization and increased its productivity with the higher fertilization norms. The year conditions had significant effect on plant height, test weight, spike length and on the structural elements of yield: number and weight of grain per spike. Bolyarka is a new bread wheat variety which demonstrated a higher productive potential than the local check Sadovo 1 expressed in higher grain yield, larger and plumper grain, higher spike length, greater number of grains per spike with higher weight.